English - Modern Greek

The formation of the passive perfect participle is usually closely related to the passive aorist's stem of the regular verbs. Many verbs do not form their stems according to a particular pattern, especially the irregular verbs. Because of the verb's irregularity, some forms are not easy to predict and the stems are not formed according to a special pattern.

Hence it should be taken into account that some of the verbs below are irregular. Actually three irregular verbs exist with totally different conjugation patterns, without any relation to those of the regular verbs. Those verbs are «βλέπω» - to look, «λέω» - to say, to tell and «τρώω» - to eat. All the other irregular verbs have forms or just consonants with a certain relationship to each other, but they are irregular because they cannot be pigeonholed into one of the regular patterns.

The regular verbs are divided as follows:

Group I: 1st conjugation, active verbs ending in the present tense in «-ω» with the stress on the penultimate syllable and passive verbs ending in the present tense in «-ομαι».

The stress of the 1st conjugation verbs is on the penultimate syllable.

Group II: 2nd conjugation, divided in:

• sub A) The active verbs ending in the present tense in «-ώ (-άω)» and passive verbs in «-ιέμαι». *
• sub B) The active verbs ending in the present tense in «-ώ» and passieve verbs in «-ούμαι»

The 2nd conjugation verbs have the stress on the last syllable «άω/-ώ»

* This group of verbs has two foms viz 1) ending in «-ώ» and 2) The alternative form in «-άω». They come from Ancient Greek and are conjugated in Modern Greek according to the group of verbs ending in «-άω».

Notities:

• ** These verbs have at the active and passive forms for certain tenses, such as e.g. the present tense and the imperfect, two forms. The same applies for «οδηγώ», but it has only one passive form.
• *** «επιβάλλω» is an irregularly composed verb of «επι + βάλλω». It has a slightly different passive aorist form, viz «επιβλήθηκα». There are guidelines for the formation of these participles which are explained here on page two.

* The perfect partiuciple of this irregular verb should be «καταλαμμένος»,but partly because of the irregular aorist «καταλήφθηκα» and a possible acoustic rule it is «κατειλημμένος».

Extra voorvoegsel

When the actual verb starts with «β, γ, δ, κ, λ, μ, π, σ, τ», the participle may get a syllable as a prefix, consisting of the same consonant plus an «-ε».This does not apply to all verbs that begin with the abovementioned letters. This concerns mainly participles used as adjectives or nouns or those which are used instead of corresponding participles such as: «ανειλημμένες υποχρεώσεις» - other obligations, «βεβαρημένο παρελθόν» - difficult past, «επανειλημμένες επισκέψεις» - repeated visitors, «κατειλημμένες τηλεφωνικές γραμμές» - occupied phone lines and «προδιαγεγραμμένη πορεία» - specified route. In above case we are dealing with the verb «βάλλω», which begins with «β» and the aorit stem «επιβλήθ-» is complemented to «επιβεβλήμένος».

Examples of this are: